Adoption stages
Every technology is placed each quarter: Emerging, Growing, Mainstream, Mature or Declining, from its momentum over the last two quarters.
India Skills Index
Which technologies India is adopting, and how fast.
2.9 crore developers in India pushed code on GitHub in 2026 Q2, 41% more than a year earlier. The index tracks 130 languages, frameworks and tools across them, every quarter.
Fastest-rising technologies2026 Q2 · momentum
What is technology adoption?
Technology adoption measures how many developers actually use a language, framework or tool, and how quickly that number grows against the developer population as a whole. Job ads show what employers ask for; adoption shows what people are building with.
The market in 2026 Q2
India’s largest languages
Share of developers in India who pushed code in each language that quarter, with momentum and adoption stage.
- developers pushing code in 2026 Q2
- 2.9 crore
- developer base, year on year
- +41%
- technologies in the Emerging stage
- 24
| Language | Share of developers | Momentum | Stage |
|---|---|---|---|
| JavaScript | 4.21% | +18% | Growing |
| Python | 3.13% | +40% | Growing |
| TypeScript | 1.82% | +63% | Growing |
| Docker | 1.02% | +82% | Growing |
| Shell / Bash | 0.94% | +56% | Growing |
| Java | 0.87% | −2% | Mainstream |
| Jupyter | 0.81% | −11% | Mature |
| C++ | 0.49% | +10% | Mainstream |
| C | 0.41% | +8% | Mainstream |
| PowerShell | 0.33% | +107% | Growing |
Fastest rising
| Technology | Developers a year ago | Now | Momentum |
|---|---|---|---|
| Anthropic Claude | 105 | 1,785 | +871% |
| AI agents | 253 | 3,255 | +635% |
| XGBoost | 113 | 1,148 | +480% |
| LangGraph | 153 | 1,277 | +377% |
| PL/pgSQL | 10,798 | 66,978 | +339% |
| FastAPI | 815 | 6,107 | +328% |
| SQLite | 268 | 1,769 | +277% |
| Prompt engineering | 123 | 786 | +265% |
Source: GitHub Innovation Graph (CC0), 2026 Q2. Momentum compares each technology's year-on-year growth with growth in India's developer base. GitHub is not every developer: it over-represents open-source work, students and newer technologies, and under-represents enterprise work in private repositories (much Java and .NET, for example). Read shares and momentum as trends among developers active on GitHub.
Emerging
Small today, growing fast
Technologies growing more than 50% faster than their base while still young or small, including Rust, Apex (Salesforce), Three.js, Microservices, Expo, AI agents, Model Context Protocol (MCP), LangGraph, Keras, Hugging Face, Ollama, Anthropic Claude.
By city
Developer supply per language for 12 Indian cities, and which languages each city over- or under-indexes on.
Forecasts you can check
Share forecasts one to four quarters ahead with 80% ranges, shown only where the model beat “no change” in back-tests.
About the data
Where the numbers come from
The index is built from the GitHub Innovation Graph, GitHub's open quarterly dataset of developer activity by country, published under CC0. Kynoa adds GitHub search counts for cities and new repositories, and npm and PyPI download counts.
- Counts developers who pushed code, not job ads or survey answers.
- Languages count every developer using them; frameworks and tools count repositories tagged with them, which reads lower.
- Momentum is measured against the right base, so a technology that only keeps pace with India’s fast-growing developer base reads 0%.
- GitHub suppresses values for fewer than 100 developers, so very small technologies may not appear.
- GitHub over-represents open-source work, students and newer technologies, and under-represents enterprise work in private repositories.
- Only aggregate counts are stored: no usernames or profiles.
Frequently asked questions
How often is the index updated?
Every quarter, when GitHub publishes a new Innovation Graph release, with city and download figures refreshed monthly in the Kynoa app.
Why GitHub and not job postings?
Job postings show demand from employers. GitHub shows what developers actually build with, and when they start. The two together tell you whether a skill is ahead of or behind the market.
Can I see a technology’s companies and cities?
Yes, in the Kynoa app: each technology has its trend, forecast, cities, the technologies used alongside it, and companies using it in public code.
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See every technology’s momentum, cities and forecast in the Kynoa app.